Wednesday, March 27, 2013

how do i build a computer with 2 small processors?

Q. i have bought a lot of old school computers. i would like to rebuild them and give them to less fortunate children for home use they presently have next to no hard drive so when i replace the 500mb hard drives with 20gb i will need more power from the tiny processors so i figured i would see if i could run with 2
some of these motherboards appear to have 2 places. is it possible to transplant? how?

A. Nice gesture petes mom! Don't get discouraged yet! However there are a few more problems, than just trying to install two processors for power.
(You can't. Don't try it. Motherboards that have two processors are for server computers anyway. Slower than heck, compared to the same processor speed in a single processor computer. They check and recheck the data before it is used. Dual core technology is a whole different 'game', and I'm not referring to this.)

So you got the 20GB units to work? Went past the harddrive limitation size on these old computers? http://www.dewassoc.com/kbase/hard_drives/hard_drive_size_barriers.htm

Next up is the O/S. Unless you have a Windows installation disk, for each and every computer. You could use a 'mirror image' of each Windows O/S on every harddrive, and transfer it to the 20GB ones.
http://www.runtime.org/driveimage-xml.htm Free software
Windows license states, "One genuine copy per One computer".
I hope these aren't Win95! lol! Win98? Ummmm, hmmmm,wellll,
Whatever!
When Windows is installed on a computer,(Activation, not Register.), it assigns 'codecs', to three major components,
1.Processor
2.Harddrive
3.Motherboard,(More specifically the BIOS program, on the BIOS chip, on the motherboard)
Change any two of these hardware components, and Windows wants to be re-activated. Sometimes just changing the harddrive, or processor does it.

Did you know that the Linux O/S uses less processor, and ram resources? Did you know the way the kernel is built, that it's virtually spyware/virus, etc., free? Did you know that 98% of Linux distro's,(Distributions), are FREE, and you can download them off the 'net?
Do you know that with installing Wine,(Free), Linux O/S'es can play Windows based games? Do you know that there are 1000's of free applications and programs for Linux? There is a free Office program,(OpenOffice.org), that looks very similar to MS Office, can run MS Office based documents, etc., plus anything composed in this program can be run on a MS Office based computer? (Doesn't lose files either!)
1.http://linux.oneandoneis2.org/LNW.htm
2.http://www.linux.com/articles/60208 (I love it! They have a Cyber Defender Anti-Spyware advertisement, on here! lol! Apparently they've never read the ARTICLE!)
3.http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/iso (I have downloaded 3 distro's of Ubuntu this way. Takes about 1hr and 45 minutes using a medium speed DSL connection. I always follow the directions implicitly, and have found that Infra Recorder, is WAY better than any version of Nero that I've had! (It's free also!)
4.http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/installingsoftware
5.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qyFwZeC-DQ
6.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSGf9pFupjg

Edit: It's because they are Server motherboards. Like this,
http://www.weirdstuff.com/cgi-bin/item/15184
(By the way, scroll down to mid-page on the next link. They start with Intel Celeron's for Socket 370. They have Pentium III's also. Check the price. I know it's good stuff, because I have bought two motherboard's from them. One was a medium speed gamer board. They go FAST! lol!)
http://www.weirdstuff.com/cgi-bin/category/CPU000)

Depends on the age of the dual processor server board, but some of the old ones also needed voltage regulators. These are plug in modules, and there is one per processor.

(Need sum help? Email me with your questions. My background? I started, around the time Windows 3.1 was the 'hot' thing. Also click on my avatar.)

Edit 2: What I meant about the top paragraph above in parentheses, is that if it were a Single processor socket motherboard, you can't install two processors. With a Dual processor socket motherboard, of course you can!
Your added comments, came after I posted this.

Linux distros that support closed software but not Ubuntu?
Q. The newest update of Ubuntu (Natty Narwhal) is shit. I picked Ubuntu because I wanted to be able to use mp3s and flash with the least amount of trouble but now it's just getting harder and harder to work as a programmer.

I would like a distro that would support these things and allow easy install but I don't need the pretty gui and user friendly interface. If I wanted that I would have bought a mac.

A. I'm not sure what you mean when you said you don't want a pretty gui, because most people who want their proprietary drivers and codecs enabled out of the box want the pretty gui. If you are looking for a more simplistic look i would recommend a different desktop enviorment other than kde or gnome. Perhaps a light one like xfice or enlightenment.
Well, i'm not sure if it was the new unity desktop enviorment that you didnt' like or ubuntu in general, so i'll suggest a few work arounds for both. Zorin os is one of the easiest distributions i have ever used. It is based upon ubuntu, but it uses the older classic gnome desktop envelopment (2.32 i think it is.) It looks very similar to windows actually, and everything works out of the box. But you still have the ubuntu tools such as ubuntu tweak and the software center, so if you just didn't like the distribution in general that may not be the right solution. Also, kubuntu is ubuntu with the kde desktop environmental. But again, that is just a unity work around, and doesn't change ubuntu in general.
PcLinuxOS is very easy to use as well. It is based on Mandriva, so it has nothing to do with ubuntu or debian. Everything works perfectly out of the box, and it is very easy to customize. It comes with any desktop environment you want, be it kde, gnome, or enlightenment. It has everything enabled out of the box.
There are certain distrobutions such as tiny core and bodhi linux that are fairly simply and have a very minimalist approach, so that you can completely customize its look yourself. Therefore, as it comes it is very minimalist, lightweight, and simple. However, due to its minimalist approach not everything you need will already be installed, so just know that if you go down this rout.
Mandriva, Pclinuxos, zorinos, and as already mentioned linux mint are easy to use and come working out of the box. Distrobutions such as bodhi linux and tiny core allow a more simplistic approach that still provides a fairly easy experience. But the fact remains, that if you want an advanced or simplistic interface you are going to have to go for a more advanced distrobution where not everything will work right away, and it will take time to get going. I hope one of these will suite your needs, email me if you have questions.

Best Linux for an older computer with not so great specs?
Q. I have an old machine kicking around and I want to get linux running on it. It runs windows XP right now but it has very little RAM. I am not very technical at all so any help would be greatly appreciated :)

A. DSL, Puppy or Tiny Core will run on almost any hardware, but, as they are all quickly downloadable, try them all & see which you like best. And don't dismiss any of the "mainframe" sized distros, as they can run well on limited hardware, as has been said.



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How to boot from a ISO disk to my laptop?

Q. Okay so i got Linux, Downloaded a new Operating system from Vuze, burned onto a disk, it's an ISO file, How can i boot that disk from my laptop?

A. When you open the disk you should see the file system of the .iso, and the a .iso file. If you see the later, you burnt it wrong.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto

The other issue is you may have to access the BIOS (about 50% of the time)

How can i watch youtube videos in linux?
Q. i am having Debian linux. i downloaded adobe flash player for linux but it doesn't work or i don't know how to extract it?please help..

A. Use the deb:
http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/current/install_flash_player_10_linux.deb

I think you can install it with a double-click, but if not run:
sudo dpkg -i install_flash_player_10_linux.deb

What is the difference between Unix and Linux?
Q. Where can I purchase Unix? Where can Linux be downloaded from or purchased?

A. You can see some details about Linux vs Unix at http://blogs.zdnet.com/Murphy/?p=455%22%20rel=%22bookmark%22%20title=%22Permalink

There are lots of different distributions of linux, many of which are free. You can check them out at:

http://distrowatch.com/

You can also find some more Unix and Linux download links at: http://www.tech-faq.com/download-unix.shtml



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How do i run installed programs on linux debian and how to install a gui without internet?

Q. Am new to linux and i dont have any gui installed. I would like 2 know which website 2 go 2, 2 download the gui and how do i install it after downloading. And how do i run installed programs such as python?

A. I'm a Linux n00b too, and I've gotten help at the majorgeeks.com forums.

http://www.majorgeeks.com/

> Linux support forum @ majorgeeks: http://forums.majorgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=50

Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Q. Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Would you highly reccomend Linux?
What are some of the features?

A. 1: Full access vs. no accessHaving access to the source code is probably the single most significant difference between Linux and Windows. The fact that Linux belongs to the GNU Public License ensures that users (of all sorts) can access (and alter) the code to the very kernel that serves as the foundation of the Linux operating system. You want to peer at the Windows code? Good luck. Unless you are a member of a very select (and elite, to many) group, you will never lay eyes on code making up the Windows operating system.

#2: Licensing freedom vs. licensing restrictionsAlong with access comes the difference between the licenses. Iâm sure that every IT professional could go on and on about licensing of PC software. But letâs just look at the key aspect of the licenses (without getting into legalese). With a Linux GPL-licensed operating system, you are free to modify that software and use and even republish or sell it (so long as you make the code available). Also, with the GPL, you can download a single copy of a Linux distribution (or application) and install it on as many machines as you like. With the Microsoft license, you can do none of the above. You are bound to the number of licenses you purchase, so if you purchase 10 licenses, you can legally install that operating system (or application) on only 10 machines.

#3: Online peer support vs. paid help-desk supportThis is one issue where most companies turn their backs on Linux. But itâs really not necessary. With Linux, you have the support of a huge community via forums, online search, and plenty of dedicated Web sites. And of course, if you feel the need, you can purchase support contracts from some of the bigger Linux companies (Red Hat and Novell for instance).

However, when you use the peer support inherent in Linux, you do fall prey to time.
On the other side of the coin is support for Windows.

#4: Full vs. partial hardware supportOne issue that is slowly becoming nonexistent is hardware support. Years ago, if you wanted to install Linux on a machine you had to make sure you hand-picked each piece of hardware or your installation would not work 100 percent. I can remember, back in 1997-ish, trying to figure out why I couldnât get Caldera Linux or Red Hat Linux to see my modem. After much looking around, I found I was the proud owner of a Winmodem. So I had to go out and purchase a US Robotics external modem because that was the one modem I knew would work. This is not so much the case now. You can grab a PC (or laptop) and most likely get one or more Linux distributions to install and work nearly 100 percent. But there are still some exceptions. For instance, hibernate/suspend remains a problem with many laptops, although it has come a long way.

With Windows, you know that most every piece of hardware will work with the operating system. Of course, there are times (and I have experienced this over and over) when you will wind up spending much of the day searching for the correct drivers for that piece of hardware you no longer have the install disk for. But you can go out and buy that 10-cent Ethernet card and know itâll work on your machine (so long as you have, or can find, the drivers). You also can rest assured that when you purchase that insanely powerful graphics card, you will probably be able to take full advantage of its power.

#5: Command line vs. no command lineNo matter how far the Linux operating system has come and how amazing the desktop environment becomes, the command line will always be an invaluable tool for administration purposes. Nothing will ever replace my favorite text-based editor, ssh, and any given command-line tool. I canât imagine administering a Linux machine without the command line. But for the end user â not so much. You could use a Linux machine for years and never touch the command line. Same with Windows. You can still use the command line with Windows, but not nearly to the extent as with Linux. And Microsoft tends to obfuscate the command prompt from users. Without going to Run and entering cmd (or command, or whichever it is these days), the user wonât even know the command-line tool exists. And if a user does get the Windows command line up and running, how useful is it really?

#6: Centralized vs. noncentralized application installationThe heading for this point might have thrown you for a loop. But letâs think about this for a second. With Linux you have (with nearly every distribution) a centralized location where you can search for, add, or remove software. Iâm talking about package management systems, such as Synaptic. With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application (or group of applications), and install that application without having to do any Web searching (or purchasing).

Windows has nothing like this. With Windows, you must know where to find the software you want to install, download the software (or put the CD into your machine), and run setup.exe o

How do i run installed programs on linux debian and how to install a gui without internet?
Q. Am new to linux and i dont have any gui installed. I would like 2 know which website 2 go 2, 2 download the gui and how do i install it after downloading. And how do i run installed programs such as python?

A. The two biggest players in the game are Gnome and KDE. You need to decide what gui you are going to use and download that to a flash drive, DVD, or ect. Next use command gzip to unpack it. Use website http://ss64.com/bash/ for Linux commands and http://www.gzip.org/ for info on gzip which is what the packer probably is. After getting the GUI on ur pc, run command Startx, if no luck use
/etc/init.d/gdm start for gnome desktop and /etc/init.d/kdm start for the kde desktop. Still nothing? Hang in there. Ask a hacker.



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Which linux distribution best meets my needs?

Q. I know ubuntu is one of the most popular, but I've heard it comes with a full suite of programs already installed. All I really need is a functioning text editor and a web browser.. Also I'm a programmer by trade and have used a little linux, so I wouldn't necessarily need a distribution that is similar to windows. Any suggestions?

A. The two distros that give you the smoothest transition are Fedora and Ubuntu/Kbuntu. SUSE and Mandriva also do a good job of making a user friendly distro.

I STRONGLY suggest using KDE. The software is much more consistant with the UI thus a much lower learning curve. Most KDE programs will be instantly usable to a windows user.

As for text editors Linux supports a wide variety. Personally I prefer for most efforts kedit or Kate. They come default with KDE. Nedit is another good one but try a dozen or so and see which works best with you. There are still many that swear by old school stuff.

As for an IDE there are several excellent IDEs and many of the text editors also have syntax support for commonly used langauages. First thing to do after patching is install a package intall GUI. Fedora and other RPM based distros you want something like Kyum or Gnome Yum. You'll be like a kid in a candy store installing packages LOL. With Ubuntu you'll want synaptic. Same principle, just not as user friendly as the Yum GUIs.

As a developer your going to love Linux. Even the shell itself is aprogramable. In Linux journal a guy writes things like games in the Bash shell LOL.

Your welcome to email me with questions and such.

What is the best Linux Magazine and/or book for beginners to linux?
Q. I just recently moved from windows xp to LInux and I would like to know how to fix dual boot problems. I learned a few things about the command line but I want to learn a lot more. I also need to know how to download and upgrade software like Adobe flash player and other programs. In other words I need a really good book or magazine that will help me get started. I would of course prefer something simple and fast.

A. Linux Journal

http://www.linuxjournal.com/

is the original Linux Magazine. Well, not the original but the oldest still running and widely regarded as the most authoritative.

Linux Format is the most expensive, about $15 here in New Hampshire. Nevertheless it almost always comes with an install or live CD or DVD and the articles are always of excellent quality. I strongly recommend picking up as many issues as you can afford:

http://www.linuxformat.co.uk/

Anything from O'Reilly Press is also well worth the money.

http://oreilly.com/linux/

Also there are forums, like th Ubuntu Forums (go to Ubuntu.com and look for them on the bar on the left) or the forums at http://www.linuxquestions.org ). There are also the Usenet groups which remain lively years after most have become moribund. comp.os.linux heirarchy is subscribable to via google groups. Oh, and many of the developers contribute to the last. Some of them contribute to Ubuntu forums too but Ubuntu assembles their OS out of packages from many sources so very few people work for them and those that don't you are more likely to run into on Usenet.

What is the best journal software?
Q. I want to start a journal on my laptop and I was wondering what journal software (that is free) is the best.

A. Notepad++ on Windows, TextWrangler on MacOS, Gedit on Linux



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What software should I use on a home server?

Q. I am building a home server that I want to attempt to use as a router and for extra accessable storage from my desktops. I don't know what version of linux or unix would be the best. I am kind of new to linux, but I have played around with it for awhile now.

A. redhat fedora its free and easy to learn

How to install linux fedora on a i586 system?
Q. How do I install linux fedora onto an i586 system? I tried the installation guide page, and the live cd mode is not compatible....and to do a classical install for this kernel, but my question is: WHAT is a classical install? Thanks!

10 points for best answer!

A. Don't use the live CD method. Burn the cd set from one of the spins or use the network cd method.
You will need to find a server with the distribution tree for the release you chose.

Try the fedora forums for help first.

What is the easiest way to setup your own Linux / Unix Web Server?
Q. Want to learn Unix as much as possible, I figured setting up a web server would be the easiest project to start off with. Can someone reccomend an easy way to go about doing this for a newbie?

A. download and burn .iso images for either ubuntu or fedora. if you're a beginner, don't use ubuntu server edition because it is all command line and there is no graphical window interface. then you want to install and run a web server after you get the linux OS installed, such as apache. i've discovered that help and tutorials are easy to find once you know what the applications' names are, such as
apache=web server
mysql=database

you should be able to google your answers from there.



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How to save file to desktop using Linux commands.?

Q. I am a beginner to Linux commands. I use SSH to connect to a Linux server. What command can I use to save a text file on the server to my desktop? Example?

A. From your desktop, fire up a terminal, or use Cygwin if you're under Windows (make sure you have installed the openssh packages) :

scp <your_user_name>@<server_name>:<path to remote file> <path to local dir/file>

Enter your password, and you're done :)

Are you suppose to use different linux distros if you have different purposes?
Q. Or can all linux distro do almost the same if you know the terminal command or scripts? For example if i wanted to do some penetration test with back track but i want to surf the wow anonymously with incognito? Do i have to do them seperately or can i kinda combine them together in one.

A. Terminal commands in almost all Linux distributions are the same commands. Penetration Testing (Forensic) Linux distributions do not make a very good desktop, for everyday use. It doesn't make very much sense to do it on your own hard drive. In most Linux distributions, I believe in the package management program you can find anonymous browsing software to install. And yes one Linux in general can be over bloated with software to your desire.

How can I use hping3 to do a port scan?
Q. When I used Hping3 in linux or windows it can only scan a localhost. Is it possible to scan a remote network? What is the Linux and Windows terminal command for portscanning remote networks?

A. There's no universal program for scanning networks. The best tool to do this from a command line would probably be nmap. nmap is not included with Windows and is not standard in all Linux distributions, but is available in most repositories.

http://nmap.org/download.html



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What Linux games will work with Kubuntu 9.04?

Q. It didn't come with games and i am wondering what Linux games it will play, if any at all.

A. I believe one of the packages available is called "kde-games". Look for it. I enjoy the ace of penguins suite which mirrors the OLDE Windows 3.1 games -- taipei, freecell solitaire Merlin exccept the face cards all have penguins on them. I was playing canfield when I saw your question. Also of course, you'll have to look around but there are deb packages for quake quake2 and quake3 arena (maybe even quake 4) which games were originally written on a *nix network.

Is it possible to download Linux games on a Windows system to play on a different, Linux system, later?
Q. My Linux box doesn't have a connection to the internet and my Windows system does. I planned to download a Linux program from my Windows system to use on my Linux box.

A. Harry is right. Save it onto a floppy with vfat or a CD with a Joliet file system and you will have no problems. I had to deal with a corrupted Quake 1 disk the other day and I was told that it was looking for Joliet. Windows closes files with a control-z while *nix uses control-d but you will find that the OS does that conversion for you and you shouldn't have to worry about it unless the Linux install is badly botched on the target system.

How do i turn an ISO into a disk that will boot on CPU start up/ Should I use linux????
Q. Ok i have two questions so far, This will help end the struggle you guys and girls have been helping me with thus far. I got an ISO of WIN XP Home. I have 2 cd keys from old CPU's. I know itll work cuz i just tryed it on my wifes. My first question is how the hell to i make this ISO into a actual DVD? So that when i restart i can choose to boot from the ISO (dvd) and reinstall WIN XP.

Now for Linux, Two games that consume my life are BattleFeild And Fable. I need a Music program and I use wireless internet. I have been told that Linux is free. Its just a Pain to install. However, Vista was a pain to install and its a pain to use. So i guess my question is Will i be able to run these games on a linux system? If so which one? And how many people actually (not just saying it without experiance) recomend Linux system?

A. Ok, I can answer your first question, but not the second. First, you need an ISO handling program (personally I prefer PowerISO, although there are others) that is capable of burning CD's/DVD's. Then, it is simply a matter of going into that programs tools menu, and clicking on "Burn image to CD/DVD" or something like that. All you have to do then is to find the ISO file and select it. You then need to insert it inot your PRIMARY CD/DVD drive, and make sure that your BIOS is set to boot from CD before the hard drive.

Hope that helps.



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Which linux os can i download which i can install with xp also?

Q. i want to download linux os from net for free.. i want to have it without removing my windows xp.. which linux version can i download and from where and i need to know everything about linux.. what is it.. and what is the best version(edit,release) u recommend me to download.

A. I would say go for the superb new Ubuntu 9.04 although still a Beta release it is outstanding.

You have two options.

First download Ubuntu 9.04 Beta http://releases.ubuntu.com/releases/9.04/ Select the top option.

Once you have downloaded the iso. create a Bootable LiveCD using Nero Burning ROM or similar software.

First option.

Ubuntu 9.04 contains a piece of software called Wubi installer on the LiveCD you have just created. With Wubi installer you can install Ubuntu within Windows.
You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.
Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Second option.

Ubuntu 9.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD you have created without touching your Hard Drive.

LUg.

What Linux os is the best one to install on a computer?
Q. For people wanting to download media files on? And are all Linux os's free or atleast the good ones? Is there any point of me putting linux on my d drive so I can switch back and fourth from windows 7 to Linux?

A. Most Linux distributions aimed at home/office users are free.
There is no "best". This test will help you decide: http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/
As you are probably a new linux user, I would recommend ubuntu or openSUSE. It can install and configure the GRUB loader for you, which is what you need to dual-boot windows and linux, and yes, you should definitely keep your windows installation.

BTW, All distros are able to download media files, most of them able to play them straight away (I would say all, but then there is Arch and Ubuntu Server ;)).

There's really no reason to think of which distro to choose for too much, most are quite similar. The only major differences between distros are the package managing systems and the pre-installed packages. Anotherdifference is, for example, that in Ubuntu, unlike Debian, you can not su root (=login as superuser) by default. (TTheoreticallyyou can make Debian look and behave exactly like Ubuntu with some configuration work, though.)

Are there any linux os that will run on an old laptop with a Linksys wireless card?
Q. I have a few Linux OS i have tried out and none of them worked with a Linksys wifi card. Can a Linksys wireless card work with Linux or is there another OS that will work with it and work on an old computer?
I am running on a very slow and old laptop Pentium 3 with original windows 98 installed on it.

A. Find what model card you have and see if it is supported, ie google ubuntu + card model. It may simply be a matter of installing the appropriate driver from the repository.

An alternative is to install ndiswrapper, if it isn't already installed, and use the .inf file from the XP drivers for the card, which you can download from the manufacturers website.

If the machine doesn't have at least 256 meg of ram then it won't be capable of web surfing.

The lightest full system to use would be puppy. Xpud is also worth a try, it is basically just a browser and a file manager. The best choice for a polished, configurable system would be lubuntu (ubuntu with the lxde desktop).

Cheers!



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What is the smallest Linux distribution compatible with the PS3?

Q. I would like to install Linux on my PS3 but I have a satellite internet connection. This means that I can only download small files(or iso's). Like under 500mb. Are there any free iso linux files I can get for ps3 under 500mb?

A. I think yellow dog linux is the smallest compatible with ps3 not positive

How do i run installed programs on linux debian and how to install a gui without internet?
Q. Am new to linux and i dont have any gui installed. I would like 2 know which website 2 go 2, 2 download the gui and how do i install it after downloading. And how do i run installed programs such as python?

A. I'm a Linux n00b too, and I've gotten help at the majorgeeks.com forums.

http://www.majorgeeks.com/

> Linux support forum @ majorgeeks: http://forums.majorgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=50

Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Q. Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Would you highly reccomend Linux?
What are some of the features?

A. 1: Full access vs. no accessHaving access to the source code is probably the single most significant difference between Linux and Windows. The fact that Linux belongs to the GNU Public License ensures that users (of all sorts) can access (and alter) the code to the very kernel that serves as the foundation of the Linux operating system. You want to peer at the Windows code? Good luck. Unless you are a member of a very select (and elite, to many) group, you will never lay eyes on code making up the Windows operating system.

#2: Licensing freedom vs. licensing restrictionsAlong with access comes the difference between the licenses. Iâm sure that every IT professional could go on and on about licensing of PC software. But letâs just look at the key aspect of the licenses (without getting into legalese). With a Linux GPL-licensed operating system, you are free to modify that software and use and even republish or sell it (so long as you make the code available). Also, with the GPL, you can download a single copy of a Linux distribution (or application) and install it on as many machines as you like. With the Microsoft license, you can do none of the above. You are bound to the number of licenses you purchase, so if you purchase 10 licenses, you can legally install that operating system (or application) on only 10 machines.

#3: Online peer support vs. paid help-desk supportThis is one issue where most companies turn their backs on Linux. But itâs really not necessary. With Linux, you have the support of a huge community via forums, online search, and plenty of dedicated Web sites. And of course, if you feel the need, you can purchase support contracts from some of the bigger Linux companies (Red Hat and Novell for instance).

However, when you use the peer support inherent in Linux, you do fall prey to time.
On the other side of the coin is support for Windows.

#4: Full vs. partial hardware supportOne issue that is slowly becoming nonexistent is hardware support. Years ago, if you wanted to install Linux on a machine you had to make sure you hand-picked each piece of hardware or your installation would not work 100 percent. I can remember, back in 1997-ish, trying to figure out why I couldnât get Caldera Linux or Red Hat Linux to see my modem. After much looking around, I found I was the proud owner of a Winmodem. So I had to go out and purchase a US Robotics external modem because that was the one modem I knew would work. This is not so much the case now. You can grab a PC (or laptop) and most likely get one or more Linux distributions to install and work nearly 100 percent. But there are still some exceptions. For instance, hibernate/suspend remains a problem with many laptops, although it has come a long way.

With Windows, you know that most every piece of hardware will work with the operating system. Of course, there are times (and I have experienced this over and over) when you will wind up spending much of the day searching for the correct drivers for that piece of hardware you no longer have the install disk for. But you can go out and buy that 10-cent Ethernet card and know itâll work on your machine (so long as you have, or can find, the drivers). You also can rest assured that when you purchase that insanely powerful graphics card, you will probably be able to take full advantage of its power.

#5: Command line vs. no command lineNo matter how far the Linux operating system has come and how amazing the desktop environment becomes, the command line will always be an invaluable tool for administration purposes. Nothing will ever replace my favorite text-based editor, ssh, and any given command-line tool. I canât imagine administering a Linux machine without the command line. But for the end user â not so much. You could use a Linux machine for years and never touch the command line. Same with Windows. You can still use the command line with Windows, but not nearly to the extent as with Linux. And Microsoft tends to obfuscate the command prompt from users. Without going to Run and entering cmd (or command, or whichever it is these days), the user wonât even know the command-line tool exists. And if a user does get the Windows command line up and running, how useful is it really?

#6: Centralized vs. noncentralized application installationThe heading for this point might have thrown you for a loop. But letâs think about this for a second. With Linux you have (with nearly every distribution) a centralized location where you can search for, add, or remove software. Iâm talking about package management systems, such as Synaptic. With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application (or group of applications), and install that application without having to do any Web searching (or purchasing).

Windows has nothing like this. With Windows, you must know where to find the software you want to install, download the software (or put the CD into your machine), and run setup.exe o



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What is the Fastest way to teach myself EVERYTHING about computers?

Q. Without taking classes, or minimal classes, considering I have basic computer skills. How can I learn programming, web design, hacking, and other basic IT skills? What books should I read? Best answer gets the points.

A. You could study the rest of your life and you still would never know EVERYTHING about computers. I'll recommend a few books though.

Install Linux on your computer (you want to know EVERYTHING, right? That must include Linux) and get comfortable with it. I recommend Ubuntu because it's easy for beginners. Here's a link to a free ebook that will you help you get acquainted with it:
http://www.ubuntupocketguide.com/index_main.html

If you want more advanced Linux skills, I recommend Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible by Richard Blum. It's pretty detailed and by the end of it you'll be good with the command line and bash scripting.

If you want to learn web design, you should learn HTML - no book recommendation here because you can just google for an HTML tutorial. It's not a programming language, it's not hard, and if you find a long book on HTML it's surely a waste of time.

You'll also want to learn Javascript, probably, for web design. I recommend Object-Oriented Javascript by Stoyan Stefanov. It's a pretty concise book and might be hard to follow if you haven't had any previous programming.

If you want to learn PHP for web development, I really can't recommend anything. I read a fabulous PHP book a few years ago, but it was on PHP 4, and PHP 5 is standard now, so I'm not going to recommend a PHP 4 book. I think PHP may be losing favor to Python though.

Everyone seems to love Python nowadays. Try Learning Python by Mark Lutz. It's 1200 pages long and rather detailed, and the author seems to assume you've had some math, but you need to learn math anyway if you're going to learn EVERYTHING about computers.

That'll keep you busy for a while. After that, you might see how impossible it really is to try to learn everything. You can learn a lot though, and sometimes it's more important to be able to find the information you need than to have things memorized.

How tech savy do you have to be to have a Linux-only computer?
Q. I don't know Unix codes, but I do know a little (Vbasic, Java, C+) programming. How long does it take to learn the proper Unix/Linux codes to properly operate and customize a Linux system?

A. Basic use of Linux is just point and click like Windows and Mac.
There are some differences in the way you do something, in Linux you download most programs through the built-in application manager. For instance in Ubuntu Linux you use Add/Remove program under the Applications menu. It would be good to learn the names of programs that do the tasks that you want to do. This site will help with that. http://linuxappfinder.com/all

Just like Windows and Mac, if you want to do advanced system functions it requires learning to use the command console.
It is much easier to learn than a programing language.
You can do much with learning a few commands and config file locations
http://www.linuxtopia.org/online_books/introduction_to_linux/linux_The_most_important_configuration_files.html
http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/commands.htm

How do I learn Linux/Unix in a week?
Q. I am working with a Software company and I have got an opportunity to work on Unix server but I just have basic knowledge of Unix and Linux. And I have to learn all the commands within a week. Is there any online tutorial or any website?
Please Help!

A. i have some linuxcommands i can send you. what's your email?



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If I switch from Microsoft server hosting to Linux package would my sites still work?

Q. i want to install cre loaded and for that i need linux hosting. if i switch to linux hosting would my old sites that i created on my windows machine still work? may be its a silly question but i have no idea how linux works.

A. I surfed over to CRE loaded. They never say what the backend is... Zend? Joomla!? etc.but it does appear to be a framework with limited customization and their main strength is they swear they are PCI compliant. So you question gets down to the database??? What database did you use?

I can not find any specs on System Requirements. Maybe it is in the FAQ installation PDF download which I didn't bother with. I don't see the Linux requirement. Basically, Linux works because of folder restrictions.

From the looks of their Membership fees (which seem high) they host, you connect, you have a limit on support option contacts. In other words, they look like a php stack framework like WordPress, only for eCommerce. Other options with your own ISP would include Zend, Joomla! and Drupal -- but you have a serious learning curve ahead of you.

Can I use a linux host server, If I am using a windows operating system?
Q. Can I use a linux host server, If I am using a windows operating system? As I am new to using servers and want to use a tom cat server, as I need to use JSP to create a e-commerce site.

All I was wondering is can I use a linux host server, even though my operating system on my computer is windows.

Regards

Christine

A. Yes
90%+ of all servers are Linux.

How do you design a website that is compatible with Linux Web Hosting?
Q. I don't know anything about web design. What programs are compatable with Linux Web Hosting? What would you recommend? Do you know about any good templates compatable with Linux Web Hosting?

A. it does not matter, K-Disk is spreading missinformation don't listen to him.
Make a site and it'll run on either.



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What is the smallest Linux distribution compatible with the PS3?

Q. I would like to install Linux on my PS3 but I have a satellite internet connection. This means that I can only download small files(or iso's). Like under 500mb. Are there any free iso linux files I can get for ps3 under 500mb?

A. I think yellow dog linux is the smallest compatible with ps3 not positive

How do i run installed programs on linux debian and how to install a gui without internet?
Q. Am new to linux and i dont have any gui installed. I would like 2 know which website 2 go 2, 2 download the gui and how do i install it after downloading. And how do i run installed programs such as python?

A. I'm a Linux n00b too, and I've gotten help at the majorgeeks.com forums.

http://www.majorgeeks.com/

> Linux support forum @ majorgeeks: http://forums.majorgeeks.com/forumdisplay.php?f=50

Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Q. Whats the difference between Linux and Windows?
Would you highly reccomend Linux?
What are some of the features?

A. 1: Full access vs. no accessHaving access to the source code is probably the single most significant difference between Linux and Windows. The fact that Linux belongs to the GNU Public License ensures that users (of all sorts) can access (and alter) the code to the very kernel that serves as the foundation of the Linux operating system. You want to peer at the Windows code? Good luck. Unless you are a member of a very select (and elite, to many) group, you will never lay eyes on code making up the Windows operating system.

#2: Licensing freedom vs. licensing restrictionsAlong with access comes the difference between the licenses. Iâm sure that every IT professional could go on and on about licensing of PC software. But letâs just look at the key aspect of the licenses (without getting into legalese). With a Linux GPL-licensed operating system, you are free to modify that software and use and even republish or sell it (so long as you make the code available). Also, with the GPL, you can download a single copy of a Linux distribution (or application) and install it on as many machines as you like. With the Microsoft license, you can do none of the above. You are bound to the number of licenses you purchase, so if you purchase 10 licenses, you can legally install that operating system (or application) on only 10 machines.

#3: Online peer support vs. paid help-desk supportThis is one issue where most companies turn their backs on Linux. But itâs really not necessary. With Linux, you have the support of a huge community via forums, online search, and plenty of dedicated Web sites. And of course, if you feel the need, you can purchase support contracts from some of the bigger Linux companies (Red Hat and Novell for instance).

However, when you use the peer support inherent in Linux, you do fall prey to time.
On the other side of the coin is support for Windows.

#4: Full vs. partial hardware supportOne issue that is slowly becoming nonexistent is hardware support. Years ago, if you wanted to install Linux on a machine you had to make sure you hand-picked each piece of hardware or your installation would not work 100 percent. I can remember, back in 1997-ish, trying to figure out why I couldnât get Caldera Linux or Red Hat Linux to see my modem. After much looking around, I found I was the proud owner of a Winmodem. So I had to go out and purchase a US Robotics external modem because that was the one modem I knew would work. This is not so much the case now. You can grab a PC (or laptop) and most likely get one or more Linux distributions to install and work nearly 100 percent. But there are still some exceptions. For instance, hibernate/suspend remains a problem with many laptops, although it has come a long way.

With Windows, you know that most every piece of hardware will work with the operating system. Of course, there are times (and I have experienced this over and over) when you will wind up spending much of the day searching for the correct drivers for that piece of hardware you no longer have the install disk for. But you can go out and buy that 10-cent Ethernet card and know itâll work on your machine (so long as you have, or can find, the drivers). You also can rest assured that when you purchase that insanely powerful graphics card, you will probably be able to take full advantage of its power.

#5: Command line vs. no command lineNo matter how far the Linux operating system has come and how amazing the desktop environment becomes, the command line will always be an invaluable tool for administration purposes. Nothing will ever replace my favorite text-based editor, ssh, and any given command-line tool. I canât imagine administering a Linux machine without the command line. But for the end user â not so much. You could use a Linux machine for years and never touch the command line. Same with Windows. You can still use the command line with Windows, but not nearly to the extent as with Linux. And Microsoft tends to obfuscate the command prompt from users. Without going to Run and entering cmd (or command, or whichever it is these days), the user wonât even know the command-line tool exists. And if a user does get the Windows command line up and running, how useful is it really?

#6: Centralized vs. noncentralized application installationThe heading for this point might have thrown you for a loop. But letâs think about this for a second. With Linux you have (with nearly every distribution) a centralized location where you can search for, add, or remove software. Iâm talking about package management systems, such as Synaptic. With Synaptic, you can open up one tool, search for an application (or group of applications), and install that application without having to do any Web searching (or purchasing).

Windows has nothing like this. With Windows, you must know where to find the software you want to install, download the software (or put the CD into your machine), and run setup.exe o



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Are there any linux os that will run on an old laptop with a Linksys wireless card?

Q. I have a few Linux OS i have tried out and none of them worked with a Linksys wifi card. Can a Linksys wireless card work with Linux or is there another OS that will work with it and work on an old computer?
I am running on a very slow and old laptop Pentium 3 with original windows 98 installed on it.

A. Find what model card you have and see if it is supported, ie google ubuntu + card model. It may simply be a matter of installing the appropriate driver from the repository.

An alternative is to install ndiswrapper, if it isn't already installed, and use the .inf file from the XP drivers for the card, which you can download from the manufacturers website.

If the machine doesn't have at least 256 meg of ram then it won't be capable of web surfing.

The lightest full system to use would be puppy. Xpud is also worth a try, it is basically just a browser and a file manager. The best choice for a polished, configurable system would be lubuntu (ubuntu with the lxde desktop).

Cheers!

What Linux os is the best one to install on a computer?
Q. For people wanting to download media files on? And are all Linux os's free or atleast the good ones? Is there any point of me putting linux on my d drive so I can switch back and fourth from windows 7 to Linux?

A. Most Linux distributions aimed at home/office users are free.
There is no "best". This test will help you decide: http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/
As you are probably a new linux user, I would recommend ubuntu or openSUSE. It can install and configure the GRUB loader for you, which is what you need to dual-boot windows and linux, and yes, you should definitely keep your windows installation.

BTW, All distros are able to download media files, most of them able to play them straight away (I would say all, but then there is Arch and Ubuntu Server ;)).

There's really no reason to think of which distro to choose for too much, most are quite similar. The only major differences between distros are the package managing systems and the pre-installed packages. Anotherdifference is, for example, that in Ubuntu, unlike Debian, you can not su root (=login as superuser) by default. (TTheoreticallyyou can make Debian look and behave exactly like Ubuntu with some configuration work, though.)

How do I install Windows on a Linux OS?
Q. I have the linux os and need windows to run a certain application. I've heard there's a way to have both operating systems simultaneously. How do you put windows on? I'd prefer to have both if possible.

A. This link explains how to set up a dual boot (have both linux and windows on the same computer). You will have to reinstall the linux bootloader after installing windows because the windows bootloader does not recognize linux.
Good luck



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what are my chances to become a Linux System Administrator at 48?

Q. I am trying to change career(unemployed) and I am a newbie in technology except that I did some html & CSS. I wonder if I study Linux for a year & maybe pass a linux+ certification I will be able to get an entry level position? Is it too old at 48 to try? Or maybe should I focus on something like PHP/Mysql? I am trying to decide what would be the easy road and the rewarding one as well. Thanks.

A. With RHCE, you are never too old.

Is Linux System Administration worth trying in my case?
Q. I am trying to change career(unemployed) and I am a newbie in technology except that I did some html & CSS. I wonder if I study Linux for a year & maybe pass a linux+ certification I will be able to get an entry level position? Is it too old at 48 to try? Or maybe should I focus on something like PHP/Mysql? I am trying to decide what would be the easy road and the rewarding one as well. Thanks.

A. Try RHCE, Age wont be a problem.

what kind of hourly wage could i expect with a A+ certification?
Q. I plan on taking it this summer and was wondering where could i work and what kind of pay i would receive. I plan on taking my linux certification this winter any idea what that pays?

A. Really dont expect much. A+ is the basics of basics. Depending on your area and where you apply, you will probably start a few dollars ($2-4) over minimum wage, if you have no job experience. Linux certifications are only meaningful if the place you are apply has any Linux machines in the first place. Most of the business world runs Windows, and then if at all, they run Linux for task specific jobs, which are basically set and forget.



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Where is the offical site to download linux?

Q. How do I know which is the best place to download Linux? How do I know that the site I download form is a offical site of Linux?

A. There is no "official" linux.

There are many different distributions or 'flavors' of linux. some are easier to learn than others. some are on CD some on 2 or more.

When I was interested in Linux I went to www.linuxiso.org

That site has downloads for 15 or 20 distributions of linux and links you to the official download site for that particular distro. I would recommend going there first.

Before you download and install any distribution make sure that all your hardware and software is compatible and download ALL the necessary drivers before you make the big switch to linux or you will be in a world of hurt trying to find these drivers after the face, especially if the driver you are looking for is for your video, keyboard, or internet.

Linux can be good to learn and has advantages over windows XP and possibly over Vista as well such as security, lack of viruses, and stability.

How do you download Linux to a Windows XP PC without downloading Windows 7?
Q. I need to download Linux so i can get a software on my PC called Rosegarden which only runs on Linux..i know of some ways to download Linux but you need to have Windows 7 which i do not but i really need Rosegarden and i cannot buy windows 7..any help? thankss :)

A. Uh? Why the heck would you need windows 7 to use Linux? It's a FREE Operating system, who ever says you need windows 7 is full of bull. Download a distro (ubuntu is likely best for a beginner) bear in mind, Linux is NOTHING like windows and you may find yourself frustrated and lost.
http://www.ubuntulinux.org/
knock yourself out, but remeber it's not easy. burn to a dvd and then just run it at start up.

how do i download linux to a blank computer?
Q. i have a computer with no operating system on it. It's pretty useless right now so i want to put linux on it since its free. All the sites aren't helping.

I just need to know where i can download linux to a disk and pop it into my blank computer and have it start installing on to it.

A. ok, well to me it seems liek you know nothing about linux. except its free and lots of people say "go with linux its great"

it is great, but only if you know how to use it. it seems you just want a free operating system. Because you want just a new operating system to run i would recommend Linspire, it is what used to be known as "Lindows" although linspire costs something, they do have a free version called "Freespire" it is VERY easy to use it was my first linux distro ( now i am into slackware [Wolvix])

most people will says screw that! learn how to use linux, you can.... but you probably wont, you will probably get bored of it because you just dont know how to use it.

ubuntu is great, mepis is great red hat is great, their are plenty of great ones out there... but its kinda a "to each his own" typa thing if you want a free operating system that is easy to use and you dont have to learn commands just to install a program i would go with Freespire, it is a lot like windows, just faster, safer, and ..not windows.

it has all kinds of free software and windows emulators built it, it is easy to find new software with "click and run" service.

Heres where you can download that: http://www.freespire.org/

also if you do want to learn how to use linux but still be able to use the computer you can do that with this distro as well its still linux



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How can I safe a javascript generated page to an html file from a linux command line?

Q. Hi,
I have a javascript/ajax page that I'd like to save as the generated html to a file. URL
http://www.neaveru.com/digg/stats/kevinrose/max_comments/0/days/14

Is there a way to do that? I haven't found any firefox command-line like that.
Thanks!
safe?? save! ;)
sorry, I want to run this in a cron... so I can't click ;)

A. from FF & a cron, no way.

there might be some lynx variant or other 'get' tool that does JavaScript.

http://www.google.com/search?q=linux+JavaScript+command+line


you could capture the data that the ajax gets, and save that to a file... but not the graph.

is it your site? a little cgi program instead would be able to capture the graph.

I could do it in Safari on a mac with applescript!

how do you access a remote computer from the linux command line?
Q. i know the sshusername@computername part, but how do i get to the point where i type that in the command line?

A. Take a look at the "ssh" command (manual page linked below from Duke University)

What is the windows equivalent of the Linux terminal's CTRL + D?
Q. I wrote and compiled a c program, and in the Linux command line, it allows me to enter text, then press CTRL + D to enter the next step of the program, if thats what you wanna call it. Ive recompiled the source for windows, and i notice that CTRL + D just types ^D... what key combo should I be using?

A. If the program is looking for end-of-file, use ctrl-Z.



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How to open my Linux because it asks me a password ?

Q. I made a mess with my Linux and now it asks me a password at start-up which I don't know. Is there any method to regain my Linux ?

A. Welp, yes, it's a bit trixy, but it WILL work.
Do NOT |#u(K this up though.

Go ahead a boot up a live CD, it should mount your hard disk, so you can see files in it. I believe with an Ubuntu live it will be mounted /media/hda but look around, you'll find it.

anyway once you find your drive, you can directly edit the the /etc/passwd file.

Now, you need to understand what it is you are editing, and what to do, because if you pooch it... well, it's pooched then isn't it?

You are going to replace the x in the line that corresponds to your username, with a new password. The x stands for "use an encrypted password from /etc/shadow" we are going to tell the computer to use a non encrypted password. So open up a terminal, and hit it with;
sudo nano /media/hdb/etc/passwd
(path might be different depending on how the HDD mounted)

find the line about your username. It'll look like this:

elizabeth:x:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth:
/bin/bash

That will all be on one line but Y!A has issues...
what you want to do is replace the first x with a short easy to remember password, (at least 6 letters though) and change NOTHING ELSE about the file.

elizabeth:mypass:1000:1000:
elizabeth,,,:/home/elizabeth
/bin/bash

we changed the x to mypass.

now save the file: (ctrl +x, Yes, Enter)

and reboot the machine. (not to the live CD)
you should be able to get in now with your user name, and the password you changed to.

Once you are in, you should really
sudo su yourself, and change the password back to an x
in /etc/passwd
then while still in su issue the command :
passwd myusername
(obviously replace this with your real user name)

and enter a new password twice.
Now you are back to being encrypted, AND you know your password. YAY!

How can I tell if my Linux install is in its own partition?
Q. I have a Gateway netbook with Windows 7 starter. I installed the Ubuntu 10 version of Linux. But I don't think it installed on it's its own partition, because it never asked me about the size or anything of a partition or which partition to use. So, I followed some instructions on the internet to put Linux on its own partition, but how do I know its really on there?

A. It did, but if it will make you feel better, do this:

Boot into Linux.
Open a console shell
Type 'df -h'

The partitions will be displayed. The information on the right will tell you the mount point. The one marked '/host' will be the windows partition. On the left the host partition will be /dev/sda1. All the rest are you Linux partitions.

If you want to know more about /dev/sda1, type 'fdisk -l' (be careful with fdisk).

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.



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What does it mean for windows users if basic knowledge of linux commands are required?

Q. For example FTP and Telnet both run Linux. So that would indicate that some basic konwledge of Linux commands is necessary. However, I am a Windows user...

A. FTP can run on Linux, but it doesn't always run on Linux.

You can run an FTP server on Windows and an FTP client on Windows. Same for Mac.

It is just a File Transfer Protocol. The protocol is cross-platform, not Linux-specific.

in an Ftp and Telnet session both servers were running linux what does this mean to windows users?
Q. in an ftp and telent session both servers were running Linux. This indicates that a working knowledge of some basic Linux commands are necessary. What does this mean to a windows User?

A. As David says - the protocol is independent of the operating system.

If the telnet session is connecting to a command-line (shell) on Linux (the default), then yes some knowledge of the Linux shell is required. But a telnet client can also be used to connect to e.g. a BBS, or to an email or webserver to enter SMTP or HTTP requests by hand, which only requires knowledge of the BBS commands etc.

To actually administer the servers, start or stop the services of course some Linux is required. But not just to run a Windows FTP client.

Is this the correct course to take if I want to create my own OS?
Q. Introduction to Linux
Provides a technical overview of the Linux operating system, providing hands-on experiencce with commands and files. Students explore the basic structure, functions, and tools of the Linux Operating System. Topics include basic Linux commands, files, and directories, text editing, pipes and filters, shell environment, and scripting. This is one of two courses required for students wishing to pursue the Linux+ industry certification.

A. Directly - no. This is basic course for Linux administration, that is not even very deep. However, it might provide useful fundamentals later on.
To create OS you need a plan.
1. Defining target platform for OS: will it be mobile devices, computers ( highly unadvisable, except if you have lots of money to fund application developers), other hand-helds, embedded "intelligent" devices, etc.
2. Learning Fundamentals of OS'es : Linux would be good choice, but you need to understand how other OSes work. That course above would help.
3. Learning in-depth about OS architecture of at least one OS
4. Learning about hardware architecture of your favorite platform.
5. Learning programming languages. C/C++ is a must, some knowledge of Assembler might be necessary too (despite rumours, most of OS programming is done in higher level language than assembler).
6. Learn about requirements of your future users.
7. start coding
8. Fail and repeat 3,4,5,6,7 till success.



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